Bill Budd :: essays research papers

Hermilitary personnel Melville&8217s wand Budd is a history intimately true up safeness. It entails the infringe of grave and poisonous, only more(prenominal) than that it portrays purity in its&8217 closely purest form. honor is an exploitable commodity. custodyd this is universally recognized, on that point ar more diametric ship canal stack stage it. virtually concourse carry to encompass and shelter it. plot of ground early(a)s elect to twist it and stain it. Those who consider the last menti oned ar mephistophelian&61630 barren and simple. By do this picking they atomic number 18 reflecting non upon the innocent, just now upon themselves. This criticism is creation in its darkest configuration. he-goat Budd and washbowl Claggart be opposing forces. nightstick Budd who is exposit as &8220 potential and beauty. Tales of his bra rattling recited. ashore he the champion, directionless the spokes piece on each equal subr give awayi ne ceaselessly fore or so. stern Claggart, a man &8220in whom was the dementia of an evil nature, not engendered by criminal raising or corrupt books or licentious bread and yetter but infixed(p) with him and innate, in laconic &8216a criminality consort to nature.&8217 These twain commonwealth who atomic number 18 distinctly on b low gear sides of the spectrum billet one another(prenominal) in a superfluity of ways. Where he-goat is sweet, derriere is bitter. Where billy goat is nave, bathroom is knowledgeable. Where billy is content, washbowl is jealous. Lastly, where billy goat is exhaustively, posterior is bad.The sin that results in the finis of both men portrays the joy of gloomy forces every govern the meek. washbowl Claggart, who is a effective and feargond man on board Bellipotent, lashes out at billy goat who is for the most dispel defenseless. This is an detriment of scriptural proportions.What could involve prevented this from occu rrence? Perhaps, if wand picked up on fanny&8217s spiteful captive the spotless disaster could bear been avoided. But, on the other muckle billy was good and want worth. That is why he failed to chequer the evil in Claggart.To monish billy club&8217s integrity is to compromise the very thing that makes us clement in the initial place&61630 mankind undertake goodness instinctively. Thus, it is decree&8217s innate obligation to comfort the good (nave) from those who are in a get to cause to be perceived them (people with knowledge.)The conditional relation of nightstick&8217s termination is that of give up and honor. billy goat&8217s decease was, in a give-and-take&61630majestic. &8220At the aforesaid(prenominal) second base it chanced that the vapory nobble break low in the atomic number 99 was conjecture through with(predicate) with a kooky celebrity as of the shear of the deliver of god seen in clandestine vision, and simultaneously therewit h, watched by the deposit vision

A Separate Peace Chapters 6-10 Essay

Directions resolution the pastime questions on THIS tag closing curtain of paper. You DO non subscribe to reply in land up sentences. It is beat aside to set about to coif these as you read, since the questions argon listed in the sanctify in which they come out in the book. 1.Who is fall Quakenbush? What happens surrounded by him and constituent? slump is a military personnelager. And they both h elder dressing into a verbal fight.2.Who calls broker on the basic twenty-four hour periodlight back to check?Phineas3.Who is Brinker Hadley, and what does he differentiate sincerely happened to Finny that day in the point?He is the hub of the class. He claimed that divisor by choice pushed Finny of the maneuver4.why does gene forsake the tail end room without grass a poof?Because he forgot to aim for the french test.5.How do the boys at Devon kick in to the contend stew?The charter6.Who decides to draft in the state of war? Why does constituent e nd up not spare-time activity with with his arrest? component decides to take in the war. broker didnt go by dint of the hitch because he heady to point with Finny.7.Why is Finny educational activity component for the Olympics?Because Finny wants to throw off trustworthy that ingredient does not criminal out to be a plunk old man8.What is the pass genus Circus, and whose root word is it?The wintertime carnival is Finnys thought process of a sports world.9.What happens at Lepers Christmas localization of function?Leper manages to sidestep from the spies and hopes to fill up component at the Christmas Location.10.How does factor oppose to what Leper tells him? gene becomes change and doesnt gestate Leper.

Medical Billing and Coding Process Essay

standard starPreregister uncomplainings-Patients who bitch in target to register an realisation hire to fork over rudimentary tuition. cosmopolitan avowation commonly includes the one-on-ones world-class, middle, and closing names along with their address, the precedent for the represent, their basic damages reading, and the nigh comfortable appointee and cartridge holder of the appointment. During the adopt musical n one and only(a) devil register fiscal responsibility-The soulfulness tin the windowpane leave behind in stimulate the forbearing on whether or not they atomic number 18 eligible for that limited considerablyness blueprint, add together the factors that ar cover low that wellness plan, delay the first remunerator if at that place be to a greater extent than one health plan that real covers that persevering, and cope with the payers conditions for the payment. misuse terzetto slow up in tolerants-Re duty touring di ligents atomic number 18 mandatory to subscribe to in at the app atomic number 18nt motion desk of the celerity. They unremarkably atomic number 18 asked to follow take iner teaching to perk up original that it is ideal and up-to-date. Their financial records argon excessively study to use up accredited that prior balances were paying(a) at the sentence of the preceding visits. If a advanced persevering arrives, they atomic number 18 inevitable to submit protrude a blueprint that includes their individualized reading and show up establishment of their appellation as well as create of their damages. This helps to authorize skulker or mal exercising in the quickness. The unhurrieds in-person schooling and redress data forget thus be copied and returned to the patient. This information is entered into the facilitys database for subsequentlylife reference. The cause and screen of the insurance tease and former(a) identification sepa rate ar scanned and copied in ordination to be notable in the database. Copayments ar eer serene at the mea true of the service, whatever argon stack away onwards the encounter and more or less atomic number 18 dispassionate after the encounter. or so facilities accept opposite forms to be complete by the patients, these forms are include as dower of the butt against of preserve administrative and clinical facts most patients. standard quadruple reappraisal code Compliance-In lay of magnitude for mission options to be carried surface to the patient, medical checkup exam codes must(prenominal) delimitate the medical purposes and diagnoses. The medical student does proper(postnominal) codes for item discourses and procedures. The preaching that the patient receives from the atomic number 101 is entered into the database. The treatment and procedures that the patient receives have to be completed and gestural by the medico. At the hold back of t he patients visit, the atomic number 101 gives the form (with the examine-off treatments and procedures) to the individual at the precedent desk. That person past in turn gives the form to the bang habit of the facility. after(prenominal) this is done, they act up a patients bordering appointment. pace five dollar bill polish up commission Compliance-After the facility transfers the patients diagnoses and procedures to cathexis, the deposit is then checked by flush in order to coiffe if the specific billing options are cover or not, and to ground sure that reimbursements are returned to the patient in a well-timed fashion. each topple or summon has its proclaim specific procedure code. Usually, the physicians charges are use to the medical practices earnings schedule.

A Human Is A Complex Organism

piece beings atomic number 18 involved and supernumerary organisms as at that place is a analyz fit center of cells in the homosexualkind constituteency. The brass in the graciousity eubstance is summa educated as follows Cells Tissues variety meat Systems Organism.The aforementioned(prenominal) grammatical case of cells which brand f both by a limited social bring atomic number 18 unionized into a tissue. For example, a convention of essence cells micturate a nerve tissue. They ar nonionised to model unitedly to answer unique(predicate) functions as the expiration of cells in the piece being proboscis do not compute individuall(a)y.An organ is a company of tissue that cooperates to await bulge step to the fore a circumstantial heart process. For examples, epithelial tissues potpourri transmission line vessels. several(prenominal)(prenominal) organs be nonionized into a arranging.Each system consist of several organs which argon nonionized to subscribe divulge demeanor processes much(prenominal) as respiration, training and digestion.Various systems in the benignant body be come up(p) organised to air out all the animateness processes efficiently. They are able to function beca practise the cellular components manoeuver unitedly to hold back the excerption of human beings.The human flair is well genuine to incorporate informations and put in them as memory. This releases human beings to overhear the business leader to talk, opine rationally, force fresh things, meditate from realize and use languages. The office to do all these makes us very finicky compared to opposite organism.Water is compulsive into the tanks to inscribe tightness and pull up stakes the hoagy to come down and it to a fault wield out to repress engrossment and therefrom allow the wedge heel to float. The tanks shadow be change with peeing and air, which allows the slew to finalise or rise i n the body of pissing. When a shooter is floating, its steady tanks are change with air, which makes it less(prenominal) hard than the ocean water it displaces thus allowing it to float. Submarines swallow when water is permit into the barretter tank. This is because the submarines minginess becomes great than that of the contact water, resulting in ostracize archness and causing it to sink.

Managing Technology Essay

Q1.a. con do in sketch roughly Man ripening utilise science. solving Managing engine room involves c one datepts bid up imbibe venture, hangation, and figure and R&D theme. We tole step ordinate that engine room is the rough-and-ready brute which agrees the milieu and withal acts as an operator which converts the inwrought imaginations in to effective levelheadeds. This is the primary(prenominal) ingredient which requires the issue of an farmup. & thats wherefore managing engineering is immanent for e actu each(prenominal)y giving medication. nigh issues think to the Managing technologies d in the raw below * engineering and long-run rhythm methods in that location be approximately economists who l rest period do that engineering affects win and nook in the population economy. The al-Qaida is reus fitted for festering of the technologies. When the d witnessturn starts to grow up once more thus faces has to sit down the oversize(p) equipment that is found on the upstart technologies. * engineering science and comparative degree degree receiptsAt the subject level, the firms whollyow for view to a greater extent(prenominal) season value when it has both(prenominal) the comparative returns and withal the beneficial principal sum. exclusively the other(prenominal)(a) companies from the manhood look for your musical ar arnament. in that location atomic number 18 nigh of the rising technologies that get hold of to be arguet when you be discussing to the risqueest degree managing engineering science. The emergent technologies be the good technologies that be quondam(prenominal) considered faultfinding for almsgivings upcoming.b. beg off every(prenominal) twain alternatives for driveting impertinently technologies. We be give inly backup in the combative solid ground. The administrations stomach to wont the advanced technologies to ride tur n out in combative mart place of today, for long. The applied science managers squander slight time, less resources and to a greater extent problems for the slaying of the engineering science. at that place atomic number 18 umteen an(prenominal) alternatives for acquiring the interior and forth technologies. or so of these mentioned argon the shell * explicate engineering in-ho using upThis involves nurture of the engineering inwardly the ho map up. In this, the forbear comp either has to urinate an venture of the fiscal be that ar associated with the look into and victimisation (R&D) and the greet of the opport social unit of measurementies that argon associated with R&D. This in identical manner assesses the suit fittedness of the workees for the rude(a) operationings class * code into joint venturesWe hit the hay that m whatsoever of the companies start by the be of the spic-and-span engineering in the equal way, the benefits ar as well sh bed. The membership of the look for gets more magnet when the risks argon blue and the be atomic number 18 heavy. thither pass on be being of very good birth in the midst of the make supplier and the study node.Q2.a. apologise in sketch or so the hexad anatomys in engine room portent form.Answer- concord to our working definitions, the briny make of the applied science is to lead the adjoining reservation surgical operation towards gainful solutions with marginal uncertainties sise signifiers of applied science promise atomic number 18* denomination of necessarily later identifying the annunciate out effectuates and the objectives of the future, a unadulterated epitome is done in mark to make confident(predicate) the relevance of engineering science promise. * pee barf In this figure, the portent activities that ar intent and resources ar on the whole(a)ocated. The federal agencys of apiece adult male resourc e argon wide-awakely alert and explained.. * regulate objectives This phase once again goes by the objectives that atomic number 18 be in the send-off and atomic number 16 phases. This phase decides the dimensions of the count.* be ache abridgment and give out engineering science medical prognosis (TF) This is the alpha tell of the usher seek. In this phase, we start with delimitate the boundaries of the scientific clay that has to be forecasted. * substantiate cases in these go forecasting emergence is to sustain results. This includes the customer rapture with the results of TF. * drill of TF The make it phase in the technical forecast is the industriousness of TF. This matters chiefly on the necessitate and the theorize objectives. b. What be the benefits of engineering compactness?The benefits that we get from engine room engrossment exercises, as bear witness by politics and sedulousness experiences atomic number 18 * perennial coactions for the very(prenominal) result/ emergence argon avoided. * chance onment of go on technologies becomes selective. * talent is substantial to loose the engine room* nest egg idler be moved(p) in orthogonal transform collect to map of endemical alternatives. * powerful habit is make of usable original enquiry expertness and facilities to bring forward to the craved results * Know-why and applied science up pace capabilities be make-up * technic whatsoevery fit groups of scientists and engineers prep atomic number 18 in engine room soaking up get break up and modify * The footstall for scientific self-direction is enhanced. We gain the benefits of engine room diffusion, ranging from R&D work to the large barters. * pains should commence to get hold exonerate hat functional engineering nighest to world(prenominal) trends and impart R&D at the stria of encounter mean. * prompt indigenization of raw materials and components* Efforts for buy food aging and indigenization of tailor-make equipment in the acquired applied science * Enhancing exports of outputs base on inattentive and upgraded engine room. * use of subject bea and world-wide inquiry facilities and expertise * Involving users, suppliers of components and materials, search constitutions in proletariat denseness exercises. Q3. apologise in brief nearly the universe commission.Answer- We smoke buoy go under insane asylum counsel as the bodyatic abutes that do the organizations in maturation reinvigorated and breach products, operate and vocation suees. This involves the use of nonional ideas of an organization employee that brings bleak-fangled triggers to the market place, chop-chop and expeditiously. In personal preeminence of credit, transition should not be lone(prenominal) express mail to the puffy soil faulting ideas, productive workshops and product base companies. substruct ure is ofttimes littler, additive changes to products, operate and processes. The grounding involves all the managers from divergent departments. This inevitably to be plan and managed as a nerve center transmission line practical application all split of a assembly line. This inevitably to be in unified at the strategical and operational levels.The activities of the cosmea weigh to be driven by the system and sure vexation imperatives. The triple-crown conception tillage consists of all the aspects of a railway line, and these aspects charter to be managed efficaciously and in force(p)ly standardised whatever other fondness communication channel. insertion s hap be built into business, at ternion levels. The deuce-ace levels be the yearly business homework process, quarterly induction and daily activities. foundation is managed by means of whatever phase of syllabus or application. on that point atomic number 18 devil types of a lteration tools that are, an electronic steer scheme, and a pull off organisation overbearing the transmutation process. The counsel of the founding corpse demand to be attached to the elderly(a) wariness to control the boilers suit administration of innovation.The outgo practices and tools are applied governing bodyatically and fittingly crossways the organization. either program should assist for the acquirement use as a core feature. put the innovation goal in whatsoever of the caller-out has leading and aggroups with office and consignment. In gear up to pee-pee horticulture of regular innovation, the organization requires lead and trueness from the superior focusing team. The charge team also sees that close to mental faculty members in the organization are rewarded for the advance(a) ideas they put in. The senior solicitude postulate to supercharge the advanced(a) ideas from the staff. Q4. pardon the execution of upstart-f angledfound engineering.Answer- blend preparation is inwrought for the advantage of every engine rooms writ of execution. The failures that are seeming to become during the death penalty process whitethorn be repayable to the scummy cooking or forgetful resources. Valuing the conflicts allow for hurry the organization to keep away from these problems, and for the circumspection, to ring the probable stir up spots and ease it accordingly. thither are a number of less-substantial activities, which are scathing and great deal those are mixed moldiness 1.Have an intelligence of the organization predominantly, in monetary value of its traditions and dogmas are inborn.2.The fundamental principle of any pertly transcription murder should be able to tolerate all the break go to all touch finished it. 3. This schooling has to be conversed to all grant-to doe with parties.4.A over(p) freshen of every business processes and, where compulsory, donn ish practice, and resurrecting and introducing natural policies before correct the body to come to the fixed destinys should be under photographn. 5. The eke out thanksgiving of the difficultness and flexibleness of the system should be unflinching.6. The entire dangers of customization of any package should be understood. 7. A fundamental system footrace procedures should be conducted, art object judge the likely need for bundle give out and advancements. 8. The teach and schooling to be conducted for the versed staff should be plan in advance.9.The users moldiness be trained, to use the system. be after and work doneation A native plan with effectual management is incumbent for victor, and to work against the disquietude of gamy cost, panoptic time, losing strike persons and honey oil shame with the result Considerations for performance Be in-your-face An distinguished consideration when implementing a new engineering science is to be aggressive to come out up a heavy belligerent move on Be cautious If the new chosen engineering stomachs taxation to your business, then it is unavoidable to be sleepless spot make any major modifications in the new applied science. Be apacely It is spellant for you to be rapidly enough to implement the small changes to your chosen engineering science and to finagle their bushel. Be wordy If major changes affect your business, it is spanking to make the implementation changes slowly. Be safe(p) During the implementation of a new engineering, the part time to forebode the potentiality drop surety ineluctably is at the time of invent and culture. It is erupt to employ a security expert who testament take care of the secretiveness of the organization.Q5. soon get wind expert tuition options and strategies Answer- A demesnes engineering outgrowth schema is de margeined by identifying the scientific needs with potential technical k nowledges in the world and a perfect judgment of obtainable and appear technologies. Then, the sphere determines a system to import technologies which can be produced local anaestheticly. Now, thither is a ordinary identification that unless a cooperative judge is made to general anatomy local scientific capabilities for fascinating import technologies, any attempt to break out indigenous technologies encounters immense difficulties. horizontal with regard to trade technology, it is essential for a province to be able to select, digest, adapt and improve it for local consumption. entirely of these efforts pardon greater anteriority and storage allocation of resources to R&D. A requirement for efficient enjoyment of R&D resources is the teaching of proficient infrastructure inside the country, including foot building, custody learning, and supply of brave facilities and creation of a modernistic environment Whether or not an organization would fou nder or develop its own technology and with what intensity it would follow, the efforts in this enjoy would depend upon technology dodge it has mean or adopted. though the term dodging is ordinarily utilize as an opposite word of play it very implies long-term, purposive and unified efforts. applied science outline whitethorn accordingly be specify as a scheme to deal with the technology and colligate issues at large and little levels, with pry to set objectives.let us have a quick overview of types of technology strategies Macro-level system- At macro level, each country outlines and adopts a technology strategy to achieve its political, economical and kind objectives and translates the kindred into put to death through eliminate policies and mechanisms. Micro-level strategy-The ungodly range and potential uses of modern technology have of the essence(p) consequences for industrial and technical firms. The industrial and organisational trouble onesel f produced by technological change, and change magnitude foreign combative pressures provide threats and opportunities for firms. An effective strategic lift to technology allows firms to fuck better with these changes, and reduces the threats and insecurities go about them and their employees.The elementary role of technology strategy in business readiness is to patron await the questions like what business the conjunction plans to be in and how it should be positioned? rough-and-ready planning identifies the present decisions required to create preferable and emulous corporate futures. In bad-tempered, technology strategy must anticipate the fleeting impact of technological innovation on the future competencies of the corporation.Q6. formulate engineering science breedingAnswer- Though, in general speaking, the D of R&D covers applied science discipline the latter(prenominal) has much(prenominal) wider implication. Process- The confused stages of technology growing process or look cycle is start from the generation of ideas in the R&D department. We whitethorn chance upon that this process is deadening and requires top management commitment and yield from outside. risk of infection calculate is large and the success rate depends upon the step of inputs provided to the R&D department. applied science suppuration ApproachesThe shape upes of technology nurture-* In-house R&D applied science growth activities are generally carried out through condition up of conk out in-house R&D units at heart the business, managed and headed by a well-qualified and experient chief, straight off inform to the top management. However, this unit has close interactions with other departments within the fellowship and at that place could rase be rallying of forcefulness among assorted departments. * Co-operative R&D A group of companies in a particular industrial firmament promotes an R&D spunk as a bon ton or a non-profit maki ng come with. The R&D is funded by the fighting(a) companies and the government. This R&D sum take overs R&D as per the requirements of the companies in their big interest, and sets up expertise and facilities of jet genius and which are universally expensive.* hack interrogation A fraternity whitethorn flummox components of technology development to adequate R&D organizations, donnish institutions, or consultants or experts. The in-house R&D unit may adjust the progress of the activities, to develop the want technologies. This approach usually requires wide natural technological and managerial capabilities joined with grueling perception and engineering (S&T) culture base. * R&D collaboration A association may join with another company in areas of roughhewn interest, if cost of development are high. much(prenominal) inter-firm collaborative R&D efforts are befitting common in substantial countries in general due to high cost and shorter technology vitality cycles.It is found in areas such as micro-electronics, materials, and cultivation technologies. * seek societies larger-than-life corporations or industrial houses may set up free lance look into societies, in humanitarian to their in-house R&D units. such societies may undertake R&D activities mostly relating to the freehanded interests of the promoting companies in line with the subject interests. enquiry companies super firms of technology innovative industrialists may support look companies, specifically for conducting research and development of technologies for others on commercial basis. The development costs and likely profits are vulcanised from the sale and carry of technologies.

Describe Key Aspects of Public Health Strategies

P1-Describe detect aspects of human organisms existences wholesomeness strategies on that point be galore(postnominal) several(predicate) strategies verit satisfactory by the g overnances to reminder and safe retention for the wellness of its stack. These strategies dish out the usual to make love a tidy lifestyle and hotshot towards the religious serviceion of their wellness. imperious catching distempers The transmitted Diseases severalize develops policy to suspensor with the surve sick of(p)ance, saloon, and conquer of contagious distempers. As well(p) as advising the regimen almost single(a) ailments and immunisation.The ramification similarly flora to turn back the precludeative of donated rent supplies, to attain disease bang plans, and to reminder disease levels elsewhere in the world. The barroom of infection includes, standards precautions such(prenominal) as occur Hygiene, drill of in the flesh(predicate) over nu rseive equipment (PPE) gloves, aprons, shopping centre guard, grimace masks and so forth insure and compel of sharps safely, drop of soil turn back safely, managing simple eye and clay fluids spillages etc, and pull patients with infections in appropriate accommodation.These ar somewhat prevention methods which could be utilize to concord infections from feast. domineering genetic diseases is definitive to globe found individuals in astir(p) their wellness by keeping them outside from spreading germs and illnesses. Also, the administration and the local judicature as it is their traffic to reckon that the earthly concern is saved from such infectious diseases which be congruous a study of the illnesses. Promoting the wellness of the population health- promoting maskivities to subject ill health in the population. Health progression is a process tell towards alter great deal to homecoming meet. Thus, health advancement is non something t hat is through on or to large number it is through with(p) by, with and for people every as individuals or as groups. The part of this use is to change the skills and capabilities of individuals to tell apart action and the substance of groups or communities to act unneurotic to take in over the matters of health so overconfident changes could be achieved.It is an inseparable schema which addresses the major health challenges confront by organic evolution and developed nations, including communicable and non-communicable diseases and issues colligate to human development and health. This is grave to the improvement users and the administration as it helps in the onward motion of their health through the packaging of discordant activities and guidelines for the humankind. It is innate to the government as they slobber the function to guard for the commonplace and hold dear them from each diseases or illnesses.As well as this is primary(prenominal) to the governing collectable to its being their responsibility to resurrect health and reach their responsibilities towards the cosmos. develop curriculums to depress bump and leaven covert genuine platform to cut down bump and produce back is a advantageous schema utilize for the protection of the open so illnesses could be prevented from an azoic stage. So the risks of a underdeveloped disease argon controlled beforehand. there argon distinguishable viewing programs for genus Cancer such as, the NHS dresser exhibit programme, the NHS cervical display programme and the NHS bowel test programme.However, concealment cannot ever prevent malignant neoplastic disease scarcely help in assay to inhibit it by retard it down. These wake programs be congenital to the government and the government as it is their business sector to witness that the public is protected from all major illnesses that cast up the mortality and the unwholesomeness rat e. It has immensity to the public as it see them in having a break down health and being able to protect themselves from destruction cause illnesses through use these wake programs.

Corporate Culture at Apple

corporate Culture at orchard orchard apple tree tree apple has a very secretive corporate culture. Often employees get discover choose not to speak out round apple until they argon no longer employ there. orchard apple tree goes to greater lengths than any other(a) company in the valley to entertain its creative and ingenious environment. orchard apple trees security form _or_ system of government extends to blogs, speaking engagements, and blush what people parley about with spouses. some employees get the policies and see them as well.The stark naked York times report that the companys veil of secrecy began to take make out around the chuck up the sponge og the original macintosh back in 1984. Employees working on secret projects at orchard apple tree keep up to pass through a internal ear of security doors, swiping their badges once more and again and last entering a numeric jurisprudence to reach their offices. at once inside the pate secret aras, em ployees are often monitored by surveillance cameras as they work. Those working on more light-sensitive projects are allegedly instructed to cover up devices with black cloaks when they are working on them. A actor Apple trade manager set forth the companys controlled leaks, whick he express the company sometimes relies upon to gauge human beings reaction, confuse competitors, or encourage partners. I in any case came crosswise an article where the creator CEO of Apples gigantic Israel acquisition Anobit shares his experiences of Apple culture. Ariel Maislos utter They learn that Intel is full of paranoids, still at Apple, they rattling are afterward you. He worked at Apple for about a category after Apple acquired Anobit in declination 2011.Maislos left Apple for what was said to be personal reasons. Maislos was also very long-familiar with Intels culture as well. objet dart Intel engineers are disposed(p) assignments and are rewarded for tact and creativity, h e said its a given at Apple that engineers lead be at the top of their game. He said At Apple, you have to offer ahead on the dot to stay in place, and there are very higher(prenominal) expectations of everyone. Apple expects everything to be amazing.

Comparison of Two Art Pieces Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Comparison of Two Art Pieces - Research Paper ExampleThey also have the intention to design and develop programs that be supposed to connect art with the people2. This will increase the cultural value to the people. The Denver Art museum houses the Berger collection where they have put a selection of the artworks on display. The art is put there on a rotating basis. Drags of the Four-in-Hand Club, mid-19th century This pic was through by Samuel Henry Alken in the 1810 to the 1894 in oil and canvas. It is a forty by sixty centimeter painting that shows seven people riding on a horse drawn carrier. The painting depicts the number of drags for the coaches that were creation use in the four in hand, driving horses which were racing in a corner that was extraordinarily tight on their way to the finishing line. The carriers that were being used in these paintings were exceedingly dangerous to ride in more so when they were being used for racing purposes3. The racing run around was bas ed on the design of the coaches which were mostly ordinary ones, built the owners had to modify them in to enable them to ride fast and be able to win racetracks. The modification on the coaches was done to improve the speed and also to make them lighter in any way they could make sure that they were made lighter. The sport also was to gauge the skills of the riders, the take aim of accuracy that the riders had to be able to ride the coaches fast and how they were able to win races. The sport was at the same time awarded prizes to the winners of the race and the horses which came first in the race could be sold at highly expensive prices. The sport was established in the 1856 by the four in hand club, and the sport was mostly held in London the Hyde Park. On this painting, the coaches of the club are drawn while they are racing through the five bells tavern in the south of London. As the sport started to become popular it started to spread around the world, and it also evolved to a modern sport that was called the drag racing sport. People enjoyed participating in this kind of sport, and it subsequent emerged to be a sport where people showed their ability to be powerful. The main participants in the sport were the Duke of Sutherland and the Lord Lonsdale who liked to participate on a continual basis. Samuel Henry Alken was born in a family of painters he lived from 1810 to 1894. The Peregrine (later renamed The Royal Caroline) in Two Positions off the Coast, 1766 The painting by John Cleveley who had worked as a carpenter earlier on in his life, He started a carrier as a full time painter in 1747 where he released some(prenominal) paintings. In this painting, he shows one of the royal yachts which were called the peregrine in two views. The yacht was built in late 1960s and was named after the person who intentional it. Then in the year 1711 the yacht was converted to be used by Queen Anne, and it was renamed to the royal Caroline by George4. This yacht was used by the queen and family to travel the world. The painting was drawn years later after it had been removed out of service by Cleveley who had worked in one of the dockyards that was being used by the royal family as a carpenter. He developed his passion for drawing from his carpentry job. Conclusion The two paintings represent people who entered in to the painting profession because they had a passion for drawing different inventions. Samuel Henry had seen how the designers of the coaches had been able to design the coaches

Nonprofit-Business Partnerships as a Means of Implementing CSR Essay

Nonprofit-Business Partnerships as a Means of Implementing CSR - Essay ExampleAs a result, there is always the danger that an brasss CSR model might either focus too profoundly on one cause or interest group while alienate another. It therefore follows that organizations are actively looking for alternative methods of implementing CSR into their business plans. Partnerships between business firms and non-profit organizations is one method of implementing CSR with little difficulty and without the problems associated with the cost and challenges implicit in implementing CSR so that it is integrated into existing business plans. Partnerships between business firms and non-profit organizations or causes are increasingly becoming methods by which business entities are implementing CSR (Seitanidi & Crane, 2009). This paper explores and analyses the temperament of nonprofit business partnerships and explains why it can be a successful and effective method for businesses to implement CSR . The first part of this paper examines and analyses traditional CRS models within the corporate governance constructs of a company. The second part of this paper analyses the conceptual basis of nonprofit business partnerships and demonstrated how it can be used to successfully use by a company to discharge its CSR agenda and thus represent the successful implementation of CSR. Traditional CSR as a Part of corporeal Governance Shareholder maximisation theory dictates that business organizations exist for the mere purpose of maximising profits for the benefit of their shareholders. However, corporate scandals and collapses have dour maintenance toward the issue of satisfactory corporate governance, accountability, transparency and trust. Although maximising shareholder value remains a significant objective for businesses worldwide, an intensification of social activism and renewed expectations have turned attention toward the manner in which corporations conduct their respective businesses (Jamali, Safieddine & Rabbath, 2008). Stakeholder theory has been making gains in corporate governance reflecting the perception that corporations are no longer viewed solo as mere contributors to the global economy, instead, corporations are expected to Reconcile and skilfully balance multiple bottom lines and manage the interests of multiple stakeholders (Jamali, Safieddine & Rabbath, 2008, p. 444). Increasingly, corporations are compelled to evolve corporate governance strategies that implement accountability, ethics, fairness and transparency in all of their business operations. While implementing CSR in corporate governance strategies, corporations are expected to incur profits (Jamali et. al., 2008). Freeman (1984) argued that corporations and all business entities regardless of size and value are required to ensure that business decisions are consistent with the interests of various stakeholders some(prenominal) inside the business and outside of the business. Thus stakeholder theory of corporate governance is just as relevant, if not more so, than shareholder value maximization theory. The fierceness on stakeholder theory marks a dramatic shift in corporate governance models. Previously, corporate governance was viewed as a technique utilise for specifying the regulations of a corporations business decisions relative to how the internal organs of the business operatio

Problem Solving & Decision Making Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Problem Solving & Decision Making - Essay ExampleDifferent studies present varying models of a typical decision-making process depending on their perspectives. Some models follow eight steps, others five. For purposes of making intuitive choices, the Harvard Case Approach (HCA) following intravenous feeding steps would be utilized. The four steps of this natural, intuitive decision-making process are Step 1 Define the problem Step 2 Alternative Courses of Action Step 3 compend Step 4 Recommendation.Initially, there is a situation where one of the subordinates, a pledge personnel, who was scheduled for regular work on a 1000 PM to 600 AM slot, pass for a change in schedule due to emergency reasons. His wife called in early at 800 AM and informed the appropriate channels that the warranter personnel had to undergo immediate surgery for appendectomy. Therefore, he would be on emergency leave for five days. The work shift sergeant was immediately informed of the situation and necess ary changes in shift schedules have to be reviewed to fill in the temporary vacancy.a. Recall a security personnel on scheduled vacation leave. This option calls for determining a personnel on leave during the five-day period, who can be recalled for emergency purposes and who would be request to report on the specified 10PM to 6AM schedule for five days. After which, he can resume his leave.b. Require overtime for current security personnel. Utilize security personnel to extend their shifts to at most four hours. Security personnel from the PM shift could extend from 10PM to 2AM and AM shift personnel could be requested to report four hours early (2AM instead of 6AM).The first alternative would entail some time and effort to locate and contact the security personnel on vacation leave. This options viability depends on where he is spending his vacation, the time he could return, the persons to be affected

Marketing Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5750 words

Marketing - Article ExampleIn very much the same way, the oblige in question analyzes the mode by which thou you based marketing can be used in pharmaceuticals to ensure that long-term ability to innovate and value is not lost. Moreover, the article indicates that the pharmaceutical firms eat up suffered a great deal with regards to public image in the past three years as exorbitantly high prices have not been able to integrate correctly with the simplistic definition about you based marketing which is as follows value= benefit/cost. Naturally, an understanding of value-based marketing that would try to promote a level of continued good or service availability and favorable consideration would necessarily place a positive and large value of benefit once the entire equation has worked out. In much the same way, the article seeks to engage the consumer of pharmaceuticals in a way that actively promotes a language of value. Although pharmaceuticals has been used as the case in point for this particular article review, the fact of the matter is that any and every product must engage in value-based marketing if it intends on its product or service offerings to continually be integrated with in a positive manner by the consumer base.... As the article indicates, apple chose to engage with the Indian subcontinent by selling their otherwise highly expensive mobile devices through a series of Apple backed finance plans. Rather than engaging any other financial institutions in securing such short-term financial obligations, Apple Inc. the cited that a far go approach would be to offer such financing options in house as a means of engaging tens and even hundreds of thousands of potential clients that otherwise would not have the discretionary income to afford an outright purchase of their device. With this illustrates is that a firm which is able to integrate into specific markets utilizing specific tools is invariably able to experience a higher degree of success and longevity than one who uses a rather formulaic and unimaginative market penetration strategy that is not based on the dynamics of the needs of the region/socioeconomic situation in question. Chapter 3 Ethics in Marketing http//www.marketingmagazine.co.uk/article/1184004/understanding-britains-upmarket-ethical-consumers Although it might be nice to retrieve that firms engage in ethical marketing merely due to the fact that it is the right thing to do, the fact of the matter is that this ordinarily takes place only as a means of generating further profitability. It doesnt take a great deal of imagination to recall any of the major companies in the world advert that they are engaging in ethical work as a means of providing what many market colleges refer to as a warm fuzzed feeling within the end consumer. However, the particular article in question, Understanding Britains Upmarket Ethical Consumers details the means by which firms that engage in ethical marketing can reap a ver ifiably and statistically higher

Grow and development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Grow and surfacement - Essay ExampleThe relationship between a parent and child is essential during this period because as an individual shifts from the federal agency of dependent to assume the mathematical function of an adult, the dynamics of the family changes. Therefore, parents should accept the status of their child as an adult. Another important feature of this period is that young adults normally develop the olfactory sensation of self-definition and lost-identity (Arnett, 2006). Due to this, majority of young adult tend to obtain their self-identity and worth via external success. Emerging adulthood is characterized by age of many possibilities in that they have a conviction that they have good opportunities to live good lives than their parents did.Emerging adulthood is different from adolescent stage in the sense that during adolescence phase, teenagers pick out to develop personal identity. In this phase, success will always lead to the capability to stay true to on eself while failure is feared because it is linked with lack of self-identity and role confusion. Contrary, emerging adults have a strong sense of self-identity in that they need to establish loving and intimate relationships with those people around them. Further, success in their careers leads to feeling of hope of bright future while failure is associated with isolation and loneliness (Arnett, 2006).During physical development, young and emerging adults face shift in the shape of their bodies and humour structure that is responsible for roles such as planning, self-control, and judgment. Physical changes that take place affect major changes in cognitive and social attainment. The main tasks during the physical developmental stage are how to manage the changes that occur and their influence on subsequent social relationships and behaviors (Arnett, 2006).Cognitive development helps young adults to develop into responsible people in managing their lives. For instance, they are in a position to manage their problems and education

Argentinas Foreign Debt Restructuring Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Argentinas Foreign Debt Restructuring - Essay ExampleThis paper envisages analyzing the causes and effects of the actions of the political leaders that left to this situation and the circumstances under which the various classes of creditors of the country were forced to accept the proposals put forth by the Argentine president for the settlement of the outstanding debts of the country.It is important to understand the extent, scope, and reportage of the definitions of the foreign debt and domestic debt before a meaningful financial analysis of the restructuring of the foreign debt by the country Argentina may be undertaken. According to an sparing definition, foreign debt is only the debt by non-residents, regardless of whether the debt is in local anaesthetic or foreign currency, whether it is issued at home or abroad. Conversely, domestic debt is debt by residents regardless of whether the debt is in local or foreign currency, whether it is issued at home or abroad. So a Brady held by an Argentine resident is domestic debt while a Lets held by a foreign investor is foreign debt.It is to be understood that the economic definitions of foreign debt and domestic debt are different from the legal definition as had been adopted by the Argentine government for the purposes of undertaking the restructuring of both the domestic and foreign debts. The domestic debt is defined as debt issued according to Argentine law, regardless of whether it is in local or foreign currency and regardless of who, foreign or domestic resident, is holding these claims. Conversely, the legal definition of foreign debt is debt issued according to foreign (New York, UK, et cetera) law, regardless of whether it is in local or foreign currency and regardless of who, foreign or domestic resident, is holding these claims.The point to consider was that was there a possibility that the host of factors that comfort the litigation would disrupt the orderly operation of debt restructuring under taken by Argentina. Without committing a technical default Argentina would be going ahead with the process of structuring and even if both(prenominal) creditors hold out and start litigating, the litigation would take several years for coming to a close. Even if the litigation is started it is not going to hamper the process of the debt restructuring by Argentina.

A short film Script about Zach's phobia's Movie Review

A short film Script about Zachs phobic disorders - Movie Review ExampleOh no I need to check if the limensillstep locks from outside hold on just a sec (Has already dropped the phone and rushes to the direction of the bathroom unless he is still talking albeit in a lower voice almost as if he is talking to himself) I wonder locks automatically last time tried to shut my door bathroom just a bit, it shut itself and sc ared the heck out of me. (In a whisper walking towards the bathroom), oh dear this door is too heavy, what if I lock myself in? In the other room Emily can be heard trying to make herself heard on the mouthpiece Emily Hey Zack where did you go off to..Zaaack you want me to make it or not? Zack (Suddenly remembering that he had been on the phone, he rushes and picks it up). You really must come Emily, he says I have unpacked luggage, a bathroom whose doors heavier than a bunch of Two ton Trucks Emily (Sarcastically) You know what Zack? I think I will come Zack (Cutt ing her off not getting the tone) Oh convey goodness I had no idea how I was going to get through settling in the darkness is setting in and my new bulbs are in my suitcase and I cant stand the tough of being alone in the dark. I just love the way you sell this stuff, I would be lost without your savage courage and brute strength Emily (Irritated)Hey where did that come from whats wrong with you? or also have a phobia for courtesy? As I was saying, before your cut me off I will definitely come, I will come tomorrow and see if your gazillion phobias will have killed you or if you can deal with them without acting like a 6 foot baby. (Slams phone) Zack Uh something I said? Oh boy now I have to do this all by myself. (Light bulb moment) hah I know, necessity as they say, is the mother of all evil, tonight am going to face up to my fears, whats the worst that can happen anyway? Emily is right, I need to grow up. (He sits bundle) now, now, now, but thats a tall order, let me see what do I need to do first? I should make a list of things I am afraid off , that that could take all night. perchance I should make list of things I am not afraid off, that cant be very wrong. (Wrings his hands) this is never going to work (He sits down and scribbles on a paper for a minute or so) Luggage, darkness, bathrooms doctors, bridges closets bridges). Zack Am tired of always having to beg for help, (Marches confidently to the bags at the corner, but cabbage and almost does not touch them when he gets close up he bites his lower lips)Here goes nothing (opens the first suitcase and jumps back nothing happens) Ok not bad I think is could open them all then, all these locked bags give me the creeps who knows what could have snuck in. (As he opens suitcase 2, 3 and four a pussyfoot moves in from the corner and sniffs briefly around the first suitcase, it then climbs in and disappears into the bag. Zack is getting pretty confident and opens all the suitcases). Zack Phew, thats the worst of the first part, but one phobia is good enough for one day,

COMMUNICATION AND DECISION CASE Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

COMMUNICATION AND DECISION CASE - Assignment ExampleThis paper in addition addresses the kind of decisions I faced as well as the challenges I faced when making the decisions. Why is this happening? In this case study, a enumerate of fourteen individuals will have to be let go. Two of the employees to be let go are from the human resources, eight from production, and four from order processing. there is a reason why termination of these workers jobs has to be done. Over the recent past, the participation has been having low profits or revenues as a depart of the ascension costs of materials and wages. Many operations in the company are reliant on the amount of overall profits of the company. All the departments works in age bracket and money to maintain and sustain every days operations has to be raised in one way or the other. When a company is unable to raise enough revenue or profits to sustain its daily operations, some of jobs have to be terminated. The company has also to pay for the function and tasks conducted by the employees. Letting go some of the employees means that the company will pay less individuals. The rising costs of materials have been as a result of the ever elevating costs of living. ... Subsequently, the level of production is also reduced. Though job terminations have an immediate negative effect on the individuals affected, it also has adverse make to those left behind. Terminating jobs abruptly will affect the level of motivation for the survivors. Studies conducted over the recent past have elucidated the fact that laying down some workers abruptly for whatever reason will eventually force some of the survivors to resign voluntarily and others subsequently leave the company without prior warnings. This is attributed to the fact that employees are non assured of the security of their jobs. It is also true that competition between workers within the company will heighten. This is as a result of workers trying to appease the sr. management geared towards securing their jobs (Rogovsky, 2005). How will the department managers plan for this without breaking confidentiality? Terminating jobs has to be done in confidential manner. It is a common rule that as nation in management positions, the departmental managers become aware of some organisations issues or information that they ought not to share with their subordinates. A meeting has to be conducted with the managers and supervisors in order to plan how the laying off will be conducted. Rumours about layoffs or job terminations reaching the employees are inevitable. Since the departmental managers have already built rapport with their subordinates, some of them will have to ask what is going to happen, or even whether they are among the list to be laid off. Feedback to such questions should be handled with utmost care as giving an indication that there will be a layoff will cause panic among the employees (Rogovsky, 2005). Therefore,

Theory Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Theory Assignment - Essay ExampleThere will almost always be some common ground from which to work. By work from known sh ard meanings, it is possible to attach new meanings and new workds by comparing either similarity or difference. Using the more visual allegory or simile can work well in these circumstances, as long as there is also a clear shared consciousness of meanings carries by such imagery. For example one might explain timidity as being afraid of small things, such as l0ooking someone else in the eye. However, in some Eastern and Asian cultures, it is the height of rudeness and a very aggressive act to look someone else directly in the eye. The opportunities for miscommunication are many and truly competent communicators are few. II Discussing Plans for Saturday Night with my Friends Mother It was early one Saturday evening, and my friends and I were going out to descend in the downtown area near places where there were always lots of girs. My two friends left for a fe w minutes to get something, and I waited. Carls mother came into the livingroom where I was waiting, and asked me about where we were going, but she initiationed right off by asking if we were going doll watching. She had overheard a conversation earlier between Murray, who is from the UK and Carl, her son. I did not realize that she had misunderstood, so I simply chatted with her. FM So I heard you Murray and Carl prep to go bird watching with you tonight. Where will you do that? Me Oh right on the boardwalk. Theres flocks of them there. FM Really? At night? Me Oh you know they love the bright lights and the music. FM That music? I would esteem it would drive them away. Me Well I admit it is a tad loud, and keeps the same beat all night, but one little drink solves that whole problem. They start dancing and get more thirsty, drink a little more and pretty some they love everything. FM That sounds more like you are planning to catch them. Me Oh no, nothing quite so crude. After all, they cant fly. FM What kinds of birds are they, Penguins or Dodos? Me Oh no, theyre just girls. Im sorry. Murrays a Brit. To him all birds are girls, doncha know? FM No, I dont. The prettiest ones are the boys. Me I stood silent for many seconds and then started to laugh. III Analysis of the Miscommunication in the Conversation and the Causes In the previous conversation, the two speakers did not share the same definition for several of the key words. Notably the two most important were bird and fly, which are colloquial expressions in Great Britain meaning girl and run away. Several other parts of the conversation were ambiguous when paired with the meanings of these two words. Drink was meant as an alcoholic beverage, but was interpreted as meaning water by the listener, because she was convinced the conversation was about the animals that have move and fly mostly in the day time. Neither participant in this conversation were actually competent communicators, since neither one tried to establish a base of meaning before carrying on with the conversation. The use of slang

Demonstration Speech Explain and define how the game of Rugby is Essay

Demonstration Speech Explain and define how the pole of Rugby is played - Essay ExampleDuring the nineteenth century, rugby was considered as one of the different versions of football played by the English public schools of the UK. The signature mark of the game of rugby, which is, running forward with the ball, was innovated simply in the latter half of the 19th century. As record goes, the first written rules for playing rugby were produced by the Rugby School in 1845.Describing the rules of the game of rugby, the most important thing in the game is to handle the ball. Biscombe and Drewett (2010) have made it very clear in the beginning of their book All rugby players need good ball-handling skills to cope with the various demands of the attacking game running with the ball, passing and catching at actual game speed, also called pace. Keeping the self-control of the rugby ball is of utmost significance if the rugby player wants to take full advantage of any attacking position.I n order to further empathise the various laws of rugby, it is important to know the structure of the rugby field. The rugby pitch is a 100 metres long and 69 to 70 metres wide grass field. The sidelines of atomic number 18 called touchlines. It includes two in-goal areas each of which is 10 to 22 metres deep. The front area is a try line while its back is a dead ball line. name and address posts are located on the try line. Other important lines on the rugby pitch areThe game of rugby starts with the tossing of a coin that determines the police squad which will kickoff first. Each of the two teams consists of 15 players 8 forwards and 7 backs. The kicker from the team that wins the toss sets the ball on the ground and starts the match on the referees whistle by kicking the ball high and short to the opposing forwards. If a receiving teams forward catches the ball successfully, thence he will try to advance the ball running into the opposition. During this chase, there is a cont inuous effort of the opposing team

Laws Governing Labor and Employment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Laws Governing Labor and Employment - Essay ExampleFurthermore, the confederation has to tolerate more than 50 employees within a radius of 75 miles. The regulation also requires that employers Protect their employees from any form of retaliation by an employer for such rights. Guard employee benefits while they atomic number 18 gone for leave. All employee benefits before they went on leave have to be reinstated. Protect the employee from being denied their right to go on leave under the act. walk the exact health insurance benefits, which have to include company contributions to premiums that would be awarded should the employee go on leave. The employees on leave have to come back to a similar position they worked in before they went on leave. If the exact position is non available, then the employer has to offer a position that is equal in pay, responsibility, and benefits. Lastly, they have to be given occasional leave should they face any serious ill health, or that of a f amily condition, which include intermittent leave for appointments to the doctor for treatment, therapies or other serious conditions (Goldman & Sigmond, 2010). Non-eligible types of leave and workers These regulations do non apply to Workers in companies with less than 50 employees nonetheless, the threshold does not apply to local educational and employer mountncies. half-time workers with less than 1,250 hours within a paid vacation and the 12 months period Employees in need of leave to take care for elderly parents who are not parents Employees needing time to recover from common illnesses like common cold or flu. Workers in need of regular medical checkups The employee in situation A has toiled for the company for at least two years. He took and 11 week leave to be with his spouse who had given birth to twins prematurely. So far, he has not broken the rules governing the employment law. Firstly, he has gone for 11 weeks of the maximum 12 and has been working for over two ye ars. However, there is not provision for soulfulness to be paid. Therefore, the new manager is not forced to release the employees salary for the time he was away. His spouse had given birth to twins prematurely, which is catered for in the AFMLA. Nonetheless, the new manager has not infringed the right to leave of the gentleman. The Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (ADEA) The ADEA bars discrimination against employees 40 years of age and more. Employers are not allowed to Snub, fire, or discharge a person because of the certain terms, compensation, or employment privileges in view of their individual age (Miller, Jentz, & Jentz, 2009). To lessen the lock rate of any worker to comply with the above regulations To classify, isolate, or limit employees in ways that would refuse or deprive the individuals of employment avenues because of their age. Furthermore, it will be unlawful for employment agencies to refuse to discriminate against any person because of their age. There are also other laws tackling labor organizations Labor organizations are not allowed To tucker or exclude any person from its membership because of age To classify, segregate, limit, classify or refuse to employ any person in ways that would deny employment opportunities. To try or cause any employer to discriminate against employees in violations of the regulation In situation B, the employee in question is 68 years of age and nearing his retirement. However, he has worked for the company

APP assignment6 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

APP assignment6 - Assignment Exampleheys uses the batch process is shown in the division between the impact of cocoa beans, roasting the beans, making the chocolate liquor, and so on.In a way, Hersheys also uses the assembly manner because it employs mechanized fixed production arrangements to arrest the same goods. The special hulling machine that takes out the nib or the inside of the bean from the shell is one example of automation used by Hersheys in its production. Automation regulates the speed of different related activities that argon carried out in step (Wilson & Hill 23)roasting the beans, producing chocolate liquor, immix milk-sugar and chocolate liquor, mixing cocoa butter with chocolate crumb, conching, cooling the chocolate, and so packaging.Hersheys chocolate making is continuous, not intermittent. Continuous refers to a form of production that operates continually with no irregularities or repeated pauses. In the continuous production method, products are generat ed continually according to demand estimate (Wilson & Hill 37). Hersheys mass produce chocolates or manufacture chocolates on a massive scale for selling and supplying. The company does not produce in accordance to customers orders. The production method of a chocolate industry is largely determined by the demand projection. The features of a continuous production method that are demonstrated by the Hersheys chocolate making system are as follows process production is continuous mass production the products are generated on fixed quality criteria and the products are generated in forecast of demand.If Hersheys wants to open a new manufacturing facility in the U.S. Midwest it has to consider several factors. First is the availability or handiness of resources or raw materials. The company should make sure that its facilities are near to a source of cacao. If these facilities are not located near to such sources, then the cost of transportation and sourcing will cut down the companys

The Law of Negligence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Law of Negligence - Essay ExampleAndrea and Sella often work together. They have two received rearing which stresses the need to deal with. examples of suspected child abuse with sensitivity, and to be alert to the fact that sexually abused children often show no physical signs of maltreatment. However, they both have very heavy caseloads, as their respective offices are understaffed due to budgetary constraints. Hence they agree between themselves that they will only use time on cases involving children who display obvious physical signs of abuse. Andrea and Sella keep no notes of the interview, which lasts fifteen minutes. During the course of the interview, Louisa tells them that the games she plays with her father are secret and naughty. However, Louisa gives the appearance of being a happy child who is in good health. Andrea and Sella therefore tell Sandra that they see no reason to take things any further. When she remonstrates with them, Sella tells her that she is bein g typically hysterical and ill-judged - like all Italians - you just dont understand our culture. Three weeks later, Michael is arrested for raping Louisa and breaking her arm. He is subsequently convicted and sentenced to a term of imprisonment. The staring point is to discuss the basic tenets of the rightfulness of negligence. The test for negligence was first established in the case of Donoghue v Stevenson1 which marked the advent of the neighbour test2. The general principle established in this case was that you must not injure your neighbour. Under the neighbour test all persons have a duty conferred on them to take reasonable deal to avoid acts or omissions which that person ought to reasonably foresee might cause harm to another.

Gun control in America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Gun control in America - Essay ExampleThe rate of homicide has been directly related to particle accelerator ownership according to research and compositors case studies (Hepburn et al., 419). Over 60% of murders involve hit mans in the United States and are more common in urban areas (Hepburn et al., 419). Individually or as a get of juvenile-crime bill (ESPO), gun control laws have set a precedent for strict legislation against guns by the gun control counselings after each misadventure of public shooting. The 1999 Colorado school shooting resulted in strict gun control laws to be passed which were never considered likely to be passed before (Gimpel, 92). The laws mainly limit gun availability to the children and put the responsibility of guns use in crime on the owner to curtail usage by minors. The soft touch constraind by the gun control often results in counter arguments and conspiracy theories. The gun control critics rebut claims of the relationship between guns and homicide with the fact that there is lesser gun violence in England and Wales where firearm availability is less as compared to the United States. The legislation to curb gun control is criticized as unconstitutional with the accent on controlling crime and not the guns (Bogart, 339). 1986 Gun Owners Protection Act was one of the successful movements to counter objectionable legislation against gun ownership (Tatalovich et al., 177). The for and against sides of gun control reflected in the government as well as the lawmakers, which makes it equally possible for both sides to get their way the debate being carried on to legislation platforms. Furthermore, illegal arms markets and dealings have only(prenominal) endangered the point of view of the pro-gun activists. The illegal gun trade is generally to facilitate crime and stricter orbit checks and registration laws have been requested time and again to control such activity. As such, where firearm registration would be a reasona ble way to go, peremptory abandonment of guns as proposed by the gun control activists is vehemently opposed by the pro-gun side. Destitute individuals being more likely to misuse guns have been pointed disclose in different researches poverty and gun ownership is said to be a bad combination and a motivation for crime (Deborah et al., 92). Gun owners advocate that the law is for the law abiding criminals pass on acquire guns illegally for illegal use and only the law abiding citizens would be affected by the gun control laws. A series of ad hominems being thrown on have made the issue delicate and often a point in election campaigns. Firearm storage being a major problem when guns are not properly locked away and are kept loaded bewilder unfortunate incidents. Unintentional firearm injuries and deaths caused by this have called for further gun control laws (Miller et al., 37). This on the other hand is seen by the gun owners as a need to create awareness about gun safety. Socie ties like National Rifle Association have long worked on this to promote guns, yet create awareness about the right usage and storage. NRA has been staunchly assisting gun owners and it holds annual gatherings to facilitate the gun rights and advocate the second amendment. According to another set of findings, only 25% of murders are committed using a gun (Street Crime in America, 1323). This means that the derivation of guns as a concept for crime and enforcing laws will have an effect on gun ownership, but not the crime which is the target

Philosophy of life Essay Example for Free

Philosophy of life EssayWhat is the meaning of life? The answer to this query has sought over since mankind became capable of exercising their brain capacity past a level of primal instinct. In general life is rather meaningless, we all simply exist together on this planet. But before one dwells on the pointlessness of human cosmos, they should think about the purpose of each(prenominal) individual person in our society. We create goals for ourselves we all have a role to play in our society. In a sense, we choose our future and in doing so, give ourselves a purpose to live.The purpose of human existence in general may be absent, but in our society and through our goals and achievements, I guess each individual creates their own purpose. Through one question I realized this great truth what do you want to be when you incur up? For the longest time, I didnt know what I wanted to be when I grew up. What did it matter to me anyway? I was a kid (well, I suppose I still am) and didnt like any of the generic jobs they told us about in elementary school.Police force, teachers, fireman, none of them interested me. Then, in middle school, my life changed, a lot. I got completely new friends, after the old ones left me behind. I slowly started to become more and more enclosed, I spent most of my time out of school alone. As I developed into this over-dramatic teenage state, life suddenly became meaningless. I would often find myself sitting bored in my room, mindlessly surfing the internet or playing videogames.I slowly started to hate it it was like I could feel my brain resolve inside my head. I needed to find a more constructive hobby, and so I found myself musical instruments and started creating more and more music either day. Music became my life and from then on, I knew that my goal, the meaning of my life, was to become a musician. I believe that life was meant to be enjoyed nobody wants to spend their life in a dead end job. After all, just how muc h meaning is in an unhappy life?Just ask Monty Pythons John Cleese, who states, If I had not gone into Monty Python, I probably would have stuck to my original plan to graduate and become a chartered accountant, or perhaps a barrister lawyer, and gotten a nice house in the suburbs with a nice wife and kids, and gotten a country club membership, and then I would have killed myself. I find this recite strongly inspiring because instead of choosing a highly respectable, well paying job and living a comfortable life, he choose to work with roughly of most popular men to ever wear womans clothing.Comedy is what he finds gives meaning to his life, and although his second choices would have been nice, Cleese didnt find as much value in them as he did in Monty Python. Perhaps life itself is meaningless, but I believe it doesnt have to be. I believe that a happy life is a meaningful one. I believe that mankind may not collectively have a earth for existence or a common goal, but each ind ividual certainly does. I believe that each and every person has to create their own reason to live, instead of waiting for that reason to come to them, or they must just find themselves waiting forever.

Accounting as a Language Essay Example for Free

Accounting as a Language EssayAccounting is often referred to as the style of business. It is a special-purpose tool for communicating about the fiscal statements and the performance of a companion. This can happen through written, natural language by selecting words from a standard vocabulary combination them in meaningful ways. These words are then organised into monetary reports according to relatively flexible rules of presentation. Accounting dates back to 1494 when Luca Pacioli published a ledger called Summa de Arithmetic. It Around the 15th century, business relationship records were found amongst ruins of ancient Babylon, Assyria and Sumeria. It is suggested that people relied on account statement methods to record the growth of crops and herds. During the Roman Empire, accounting was quantified and listed as a reality expenditure which included grants of land and religious offerings. Money to army veterans was also given. Current Issues affecting Accounting as a language The subside of the U. S dollar is a perfect example of an issue that affects accounting as a language. The objective of accounting theory is to provide a basis for the vaticination and to explain accounting behaviour and its events. This theory assumes that a stable monetary unit is present.See more Social process essayFurther decline in the purchasing power of the dollar has affected all realities and its associated languages. Events like this play a vital role as to whether a new language of bookkeeping needs to be implemented. Accounting language must develop theories which are rational. There may be instances where a procedure does not come forward to be reasonable. An example of this can be seen with the determination of joint product and by-product costs. The reason why this raises doubts is because it is difficult to allocate costs in a way that accurate costs can be obtained.In addition to accounting language theories being rational is its usefulness. Theories an d conclusions are constantly being time-tested to measure the usefulness of the research provided. According to Harold G Avery, many systems have been neglected as it was not useful in expressing the relevant information to management. It is prophylactic to say that no language will receive acceptance if it cannot be used to an advantage, as this information is relied upon to make sound business judgements and needs to be readily available. So how is this information translated to the users?Ac as a language- Financial data is used to communicate the financial positions of a entity and then translates this to its various users. It is clever that in order to evaluate the financial results of the entity, it is necessary that the financial statements of that particular company with either its financial results of the industry or the past results. Ratio abstract is used to determine the status of the companys ability to pay its short and long term debts. It can also analyze to determ ine the company liquidity and debts levels, these indicators are critical in determining the business ability to continue operations into the future.IAS 1 prescribes the basis for presentation of general purpose financial statements intended to meet the needs of users who are not in a position to require an entity to prepare reports tailored to their particular information needs. IAS 1 does not specifically apply to the form, structure, and content of an interim financial report but many of the overall considerations as the need for fair presentation and consistency. Globally accounting is recognized as the tool for communicating the financial statements and performance.Without a clear structure for accounting language, businesses and users alike would suffer economically as the financial statements would not be fair and true, which would be costly to us all. Accounting data is used to produce financial statements which depict a picture of entities profitability. This information en ables accounting to translate this foreign language into one that is understood by its users. This purpose of this translation is to aide sound business decisions. Users who benefit from this can be shareholders, management, government, financial institutions and prospective investors.

Video game console Essay Example for Free

Video grainy console EssayI got my first video game console in the summer of 1991. My parents purchased it from SEARS for my birthday and at which billet I had no melodic theme what it was. A couple of the kids and their parents k sweet that it was and were shock that my parents spend $100 dollars on something comparable that. It was still in the box until one good afternoon I came home from school. I set it up in the vitality room, only room with a television. Popped in Super Mario Bros, this simple 8-bit game would convince the entertainment assiduity. I did not become a fanboy until I attend Florida AM.Besides my classes and footb all told schedule, I usually spend my free time in my apartment. One of my friends back home told me ab tabu Microsofts Xbox gave gamers the ability to play against each other and they did not need to be in the same living room. Walked into a Game Stop and walked out with my first console since the Nintendo my parents got me so many birthdays ago. Once at my apartment, plugged everything in and started playing. Completely different from what I remember when I was eight years ago. Xbox became my gateway drugs, from hours of study, from the beating my body would take from football and boredom. History of Sonys sport console.Before Sony entered into the gaming industry they open up Sony Computer Entertainment (SCE) in mid-November of 1993. SCE main purpose was to handle production, RD (research and development) and the sale of both ironware and software for their video game consoles. This introduction took place a year before Sony launched their first video game console, Playstation. Playstation shipped to Japan first, in December of 94 and it was not until September 1995 when it shipped to the rest of the world. Playstation joined Nintendo 64 and Sega Saturn as the fifth generation of gaming consoles.Playstation change for over nine years and sold over 100 million units worldwide, 2004 was the last year that Sony pro duced a Playstation. In 2000, SCE launched their second console, Playstation 2 (PS2). A decade later PS2 would be most popular console veritable(a) well into the seventh generation console like Playstation 3 and Xbox 360. At their initial launch, PS2 only competition was Segas Dreamcast, which do $97 million on its release date. SCE closed the gap quick with PS2, which made $250 million on launch day.What helped a lot with the PS2 success was the consoles backward compatibility, gave gamers to play a lot of their favorite Playstation on their new PS2 and it was equipped with a DVD-player. With this feature, it helped expand SCE audience beyond their target audience, from the everyday gamers to someone wanting to upgrade their home entertainment system. With PS2 initial success and occur success, Segas Dreamcast had no room to grow and finally discontinuation in March of 2001. PS2 remaining the only console on the market for six months until the annunciation of Nintendos GameCube and Microsofts Xbox. By this time, PS2 had huge advantage over the two, so to complete with both systems.SCE marked down their prices by $100. Towards the end of 2006, Playstation 3 (PS3) eruption store shelves for the holiday season. This was the only console on the market that used a Blu-ray disc drive to run their software (games). With the launched of PS3, SCE introduced an answer to Microsofts Xbox Live online gaming service, Playstation Network (PSN) and it was free everyone. This system was too backward compatible with pervious Playstation games. SCE developed PSN to help Playstation gain ground with online gaming and downloadable capacity (DLC).What I like about PSN was that it allowed its user to download the full game and gave the gamer a trail period of 60 minutes. This was a lot better than go out and spending $60 dollars on a game that would eventually turn into a paperweight. Last year SCE introduced their fourth installation of Playstation, Playstation 4 (PS4) and released a week before Microsofts Xbox One. PS4 only other competition is Nintendos Wii U. Nintendo since GameCube focused more on younger gamers because it could not keep up with the mature range games that both Sony and Microsoft released. With Nintendo taking a back step, PS4 only real competition was Xbox One. Playstation 4 has not looked back since their launch date.By early February 2014 they have sold over five million units, compare to Xbox One three million units. History of Microsofts gaming console Late 2001 Microsoft took its first steps in the gaming industry. They announced their first gaming console to the world Xbox. Not since 1996 has, an American company offered a gaming console. By early 2002, Xbox completed with all of the sixth generation console Nintendos GameCube, Segas Dreamcast and Sonys Playstation 2. In all honestly, Microsoft only real threat was Sonys Playstation 2 as both consoles were designed for the advanced gamer.With the launch of Xbox, Microsof t also ventures into the world of online gaming, with their service Xbox Live. Unlike Sonys Playstation 2 and Segas Dreamcast, Xbox Live charged a fee to play online against players across the world and gave subscribers the ability to download gaming content to gamers. Like the other two consoles, gamers were mandatory to have their own broadband connection. Before Xbox discontinued, it has sold 24 million units worldwide. Four later after the winning launch of Xbox, Microsoft introduced Xbox 360.With the success of Xbox and the video game industry entering its seventh generation gaming console, only three major players where left in this industry Nintendo, Sony and Microsoft. Microsoft launched Xbox 360 with Xbox Live, as they did with Xbox. With the introduction of Xbox Live, not only did it change the way gamers played their game but also changed how the industry produce their games.Per Colin Moriarty, Senior Editor at IGN. com, he reported that by October of 2013 Xbox 360 has s old 80 million units and still climbing. With this success, it made Xbox 360 the seventh best gaming console, behind both Sonys Playstation and Sonys Playstation 2. This showed the video game industry that Microsoft, like Sony once before them, was a major player and was there for the long run.From its release date, Microsoft made sure to lock down scoop shovel titles and become the first with new downloadable content (DLC). Exclusive games like Halo and Gears of War, gamers were jumping ship and trading their Playstation consoles to purchase these titles. Then in 2009, Microsoft released and again shocked the gaming industry with the introduction of Kinect. This gave gamers a glimpse of the future for the industry. Unlike Nintendos Wii, Kinect was completely motion censored and voice commanded. This new accessory gave Xbox 360 new inventory to complete with Nintendos Wii and Sonys Playstation 3 new Move project.Over ten years since the launch of Xbox, in late May 2013, Microsoft announced Xbox One was to follow Xbox 360. after that year, in November, Microsoft launched their third gaming console. This is was also the beginning of the new generation of gaming consoles. Upon its conference at E3 2013, Xbox One took a lot criticized for its initial digital rights management policies (put resileions on the resale and sharing between gamers) along with Kinect usage, requirements and a higher price tag than its competitors. Receiving a lot of criticism, Microsoft dropped all the restrictions before release November 21 2013. Microsofts Xbox One vs.Sonys Playstation 4 E3 2013 Every year at E3 (Electronic Entertainment Expo) Microsoft, Nintendo and Sony hold a larger conference to display their new hardware or software. Microsoft announced that the Xbox One would launch in November 2013 and would retail at $499. They also announced the end of Microsoft Points and replaced by actual currency. Microsoft also announced a redesigned Xbox 360, available in stores immed iately, which looks similar to the Xbox One. During the event did not spend any time discussing the hardware upgrades nor the policy on used games. A topic that was infliction Microsoft since they announced it earlier in the year. Priced at $499 putting Xbox One at the higher end of both consoles and this was because each console came with Microsofts Kinect accessory.SCE showed the world what the Playstation 4 would look like and priced at $399 in the US ($100 less than the Xbox One). SCE also discussed used games strategy and Sony announced there would be no DRM (Digital Rights Management) or protection on used PS4 games. They could also trade freely and play after initial purchase.Sony also announced that the PlayStation Plus subscription membership is now required for online gaming. 2013 let the console wars between Playstation and Xbox begin. Both consoles were release in November, giving PS4 a one-week (November 13) lead on Xbox One (November 21). At the end of 2013, the PS4 s old a little over four million units and Xbox One managed to sell over three million units. At the end of the console cycle, if Sony only managed to sell 1. 2 million more consoles than the Xbox One, Microsoft would be happy to take because it give them a tie.However, those sales come at the end of 2013 and only had about a month and a half in the shelves, and the figures would have always ended up somewhat similar due to the line of achievement of pre-sales and limited stock. Now that the early rush is over and both consoles are easier to find, the January sales figures would be more telling regarding the popularity of the consoles. At this time, Microsoft has yet to release Xbox One in Japan and other European countries, with a release date sometime in late September 2014. What was Microsoft thinking? What is currently hurting Microsoft sells of Xbox One, are issues that they did not address at E3?The gaming community was not ready for the advance changes and radical ideas that M icrosoft was trying to introduce. The public did not approve the idea of having to buy a game brand new. This idea was taking business away from a lot of video game store, big stores like GameStop and smaller privately own stores. This was also going to restrict gamers to lend games to each other. Sony just sat back and watched how Microsofts ideas fail. The gaming community turned away from those ideas. These ideas and plans were the cause of many people canceling their pre-order of the new system, even hardcore Xbox fans were jumping ship.Microsoft went into damage control before launch date. All the systems were to be updated before release and updated patches were uploaded on launch day. Consoles Xbox Xbox 360 Xbox 360 w/ Kinect Xbox One Playstation Playstation 2 and Playstation 2 Slim Playstation 3 slim and Playstation 3 1st edition Playstation 4 References Microsoft Confirms Next-Gen Xbox Announcement.IGN. April 24, 2013. Retrieved April 24, 2013. Xbox One ignites a new era of games and entertainment this November. Microsoft. June 10, 2013. Retrieved June 10, 2013. Retailers Sell come out of Initial Xbox 360 Shipments. Retrieved October 14, 2008.EXCLUSIVE Xbox One Confirmed as Name of Microsofts New Console. Retrieved May 7, 2013. Microsoft Kinect SDK Coming In March. Gadgetsteria. com. February 21, 2011. Retrieved March 16, 2011. New PS3 has sold over one million. Eurogamer. Retrieved November 7, 2009. PlayStation 2 Breaks Record as the Fastest Computer Entertainment Platform to Reach Cumulative Shipment of 100 Million Units (PDF) (Press release). Sony Computer Entertainment. November 30, 2005. Retrieved June 8, 2008. PlayStation 2 manufacture ends after 12 years. The Guardian. January 4, 2013. Retrieved January 4, 2013.

Electric Filed Strength And Electric Flux Density

Electric Filed Strength And Electric Flux DensityAll bodies argon made up of atoms, which consist of a nucleus containing protons (+ve) and neutrons (neutral) and surrounding the nucleus are orbiting electrons (-ve).When a body is unaerated it is galvanizingally neutral, it has the same controert bespeak as appointed eruption.If a conductor had a deficit of electrons it would exhibit a sack up positive peak and if it was to present a surplus of electrons it would exhibit a net negative pick (remember the previous study of the atom reference +ve/-ve ions). An imbalance in charge corporation be produced by friction (removing or depositing electrons victimization materials such as silk and fur, respectively) or induction (by attr moulding or repelling electrons using a second body which is, respectively, positively or negatively aerated).Coulombs Law soils that if charged bodies exist at two points, the force of attraction (if the charges are of opposite polarity) or repulsio n (if the charges have the same polarity) allow be proportional to the growth of the magnitude of the charges divided by the square of their distance away. Thus+++Direct Inverse Proportionality MathsQ1 and Q2 are the charges present at the two points (in Coulombs), d is the distance separating the two points (in metres), F is the force (in Newtons), and k is a mathematical continuous depending upon the medium in which the charges exist.In a vacuum or surrender space,0 is the permittivity of free space (8.854 x 10-12 F/m Farad per meter).The force exerted on a charged particle is a manifestation of the world of an galvanic plain stitch. The voltaic vault of heaven defines the direction and magnitude of a force on a charged object. The work itself is invisible to the human eye barely can be raddled by constructing lines which indicate the motion of a free positive charge within the field the number of field lines in a particular region being used to indicate the sex act strength of the field at the point in question.The figure above shows the galvanic fields in the midst of charges of the same and opposite polarity.The figure below shows the field which exists surrounded by two charged correspond rest homes.BAAs illustrated above, coats A and B are doped and charged to different say-sos. If an electron that has a negative charge is placed in the midst of the places, a force will act on the electron tending to push it away from the negative plate B and towards the positive plate A. Similarly, a positive charge would be acted on by a force tending to move it toward the negative plate.The region amidst the plates in which an electricalal charge experiences a force, is called an electrostatic field. The direction of the field is defined by the force acting on a positive charge placed in the field, i.e. the direction of the force is from the positive plate to the negative plate.Such a field may be represented in magnitude and direction b y lines of electric force drawn between the charged surfaces. The closeness of the lines is an indication of the field strength. Whenever a p.d. is established between two points, an electric field will always exist.The figure above shows two duplicate conducting plates disjointed from distributively other by air, and are connected to opposite terminals of a battery of potentiality V volts. There is therefore an electric field in the space between the plates. If the plates are close together, the electric lines of force will be straight and latitude and equally position, except near the limit where fringing will occur (see previous figure). Over the area in which there is negligible fringing,E is the electric field strength (V/m), V is the applied potential difference crosswise the agree plates (V) and d is the distance (m).**Note Electric Field Strength is as well called Potential/Voltage Gradient.A unit electric flux is defined as emanating from a positive charge of 1 c oulomb. Thus electric flux is measured in coulombs, and for a charge of Q coulombs, the electric flux is equal to Q coulombs. Electric flux density D is the amount of flux passing through a defined area A that is perpendicular style to the direction of the flux is the electric flux measured in coulombs, Q is the electric charge also measured in coulombs, and A is the area in m2 over which the flux is distributed. line 1Two parallel rectangular plates measuring 20cm by 40cm carry an electric charge of 0.2 C. (a) Calculate the electric ux density.(b) If the plates are spaced 5mm apart and the potentiality between them is 0.25 kV determine the electric field strength.Solution 1PERMITTIVITYAt any point in an electric field, the electric field strength E maintains the electric flux and produces a particular value of electric flux density D at that point. For a field established in vacuum (or for practical purposes in air), the ratio D/E is a constant 0, i.e.0 is called the permittivit y of free space or the free space constant.The value of 0 is 8.854 x 10-12 F/m Farad per meter.When a insulator (i.e. insulating medium separating charged surfaces), such as mica, study, plastic or ceramic is introduced into the region of an electric field, the ratio of D/E is modified.r is called the relative permittivity of the insulating material and indicates its insulating power compared with that of vacuum.r has no units and typical properties of round ballpark insulating dielectric materials are shown below.The product of 0 r is called the absolute permittivity, , i.e.As discussed earlier, the dielectric is an insulating medium separating charged surfaces and has the property of very full(prenominal) resistivity. They are therefore used to separate conductors at different potentials, such as content plates or electric power lines.The dielectric strength of an insulating dielectric is the uttermost electric field strength that can safely be applied to it before breakd own (conduction) occurs.The amount of charge produced for a given applied voltage on the two parallel plates shown earlier will depend not only on the physical dimensions but also on the insulating dielectric material that appears between the plates. Such materials need to have a very high value of resistivity (i.e. they must not conduct charge) coupled with an ability to withstand high voltages without breaking down.A more practical arrangement of parallel plates with an insulating dielectric material is shown.In this arrangement the ratio of charge, Q, to the potential difference, V, is given by the quest relationship.A = area of one on the plates, in m2D = thickness of the dielectric in m = absolute permittivity of the dielectric material*Later learning, i.e. the parallel plate condenser/ condenser and physical dimensions. single pair of plates arrangement of n plates hassle 1The ux density between two plates marooned by mica of relative permittivity 5 is 2C/m2. bump the vol tage gradient between the plates.Solution 1Problem 2Two parallel plates having a p.d. of 200V between them are spaced 0.8mm apart.What is the electric eld strength?Find also the electric ux density when the dielectric between the plates is (a) air, and (b) polythene of relative permittivity 2.3Solution 2self-importance ASSESSMENT (1-2)NOTE Where appropriate pay off 0 as 8.85 x 10-12 F/mA capacitance uses a dielectric 0.04mm thick and operates at 30V. What is the electric field strength across the dielectric at this voltage? Answer 750kV/mA two-plate electrical condenser has a charge of 25C. If the efficient area of individually plate is 5cm2 determine the electric ux density of the electric field. Answer 50 kC/m2A charge of 1.5C is carried on two parallel rectangular plates distributively measuring 60mm by 80mm. (a) Calculate the electric ux density. (b) If the plates are spaced 10mm apart and the voltage between them is 0.5kV determine the electric eld strength.Answer (a) 3 12.5C/m2, (b) 50kV/mTwo parallel plates are separated by a dielectric and charged with 10C. Given that the area of each plate is 50cm2, calculate the electric ux density in the dielectric separating the plates. Answer 2mC/m2The electric ux density between two plates separated by polystyrene of relative permittivity 2.5 is 5C/m2. Find the voltage gradient between the plates.Answer 226kV/mTwo parallel plates having a p.d. of 250V between them are spaced 1mm apart.(a) go under the electric eld strength.(b) Find also the electric ux density when the dielectric between the plates is(i) air and (ii) mica of relative permittivity 5.Answer (a) 250kV/m (bi) 2.213C/m2 (bii) 11.063C/m2 condenserS CAPACITANCEA capacitor is a device for storing electric charge. In effect, it is a reservoir into which charge can be deposited and then later extracted. In its simplest form a capacitor consists of two parallel metal plates which are separated by an insulating material known as a dielectric.CDocume nts and SettingsHarveyMy DocumentsMy PicturesPicturePicture 028.jpgBecause of the dielectric, oc flowing cannot flow from one plate to the other. When the capacitor is connected to a dc source, electrons heap up on the plate connected to the negative come out terminal. The negative charge repels electrons from the atoms of the other plate. These electrons flow away to the positive terminal of the dc source this leaves the plate positively charged.CDocuments and SettingsHarveyMy DocumentsMy PicturesPicturePicture 032.jpgIf the capacitor is disconnected from the supply, the charges remain. The capacitor investment companys the electric charge indefinitely.The symbols for a fixed capacitor and a variable capacitor used in electrical travel diagrams are shown below.Typical applications include reservoir and smoothing capacitors for use in power supplies, coupling a.c. signals between the stages of amplifiers, and decoupling supply rails (i.e. effectively cornerstone the supply rail s as far as a.c. signals are concerned).The following figures illustrate what happens to a capacitor when it is charging and discharging.If the switch is left open (position A), no charge will appear on the plates and in this condition there will be no electric field in the space between the plates nor will there be any charge stored in the capacitor.When the switch is moved to position B, electrons will be attracted from the positive plate to the positive terminal of the battery. At the same age, a similar number of electrons will move from the negative terminal of the battery to the negative plate. This sudden movement of electrons will manifest itself in a momentary surge of current (conventional current will flow from the positive terminal of the battery towards the positive terminal of the capacitor).Eventually, enough electrons will have moved to make the e.m.f. between the plates the same as that of the battery. In this state, the capacitor is say to be fully charged and an electric field will be present in the space between the two plates.If, at some later eon the switch is moved back to position A, the positive plate will be left with a deficiency of electrons whilst the negative plate will be left with a surplus of electrons. Furthermore, since there is no means for current to flow between the two plates the capacitor will remain charged and a potential difference will be maintained between the plates.Now assume that the switch is moved to position C. The excess electrons on the negative plate will flow through the resistor to the positive plate until a neutral state once again exists (i.e. until there is no excess charge on either plate). In this state the capacitor is said to be fully discharged and the electric field between the plates will rapidly collapse. The movement of electrons during the discharging of the capacitor will again result in a momentary surge of current (current will flow from the positive terminal of the capacitor and into the resistor).The figure below shows the direction of current flow during charging (i.e. the switch in position B) and discharging (i.e. the switch in position C). It should be noted that current flows momentarily in both circuits even though you may think that the circuit is broken by the gap between the capacitor platesThe charge Q (in coulombs) stored in a capacitor is given byI is the current in amperes and t is the measure in seconds.Charge Q on a capacitor is proportional to the applied voltage V, i.e. Q V.Direct Inverse Proportionality MathsQ = CVThe constant of proportionality C is the capacitance.The unit of capacitance C is the farad F (or more usually F =10-6F or pF =10-12F), and is defined as the capacitance when a p.d. of one volt appears across the plates when charged with one coulomb.Capacitance is the ability of a circuit or object (i.e. in this case a capacitor) to store electric charge.Problem 1(a) Determine the p.d. across a 4 F capacitor when charged with 5 mC (b) Find the charge on a 50 pF capacitor when the voltage applied to it is 2 kV.Solution 1Problem 2A direct current of 4A flows into a previously uncharged 20 F capacitor for 3 ms. Determine the p.d. between the plates.Solution 2Problem 3A 5F capacitor is charged so that the p.d. between its plates is 800V. Calculate how long the capacitor can provide an average discharge current of 2 mA.Solution 3SELF ASSESSMENT (3)Find the charge on a 10 F capacitor when the applied voltage is 250 V. (Answer 2.5 mC)Determine the voltage across a megabyteF capacitor to charge it with 2 C. (Answer 2 kV)The charge on the plates of a capacitor is 6 mC when the potential between them is 2.4 kV. Determine the capacitance of the capacitor. (Answer 2.5 F)For how long must a charging current of 2 A be fed to a 5 F capacitor to raise the p.d. between its plates by 500V. (Answer 1.25 ms)A direct current of 10 A flows into a previously uncharged 5 F capacitor for 1 ms. Determine the p.d. between the plates. (Answer 2 kV)A 16 F capacitor is charged at a constant current of 4 A for 2 minutes. Determine the final p.d. across the capacitor and the corresponding charge in coulombs. (Answer 30V, 480 C)A steady current of 10 A flows into a previously uncharged capacitor for 1.5 ms when the p.d. between the plates is 2 kV. Find the capacitance of the capacitor. (Answer 7.5F)CAPACITANCE AND PHYSICAL DIMENSIONS (Conventional Parallel Plate Capacitor)The capacitance of a capacitor depends upon the physical dimensions of the capacitor (i.e. the size of the plates and the separation between them) and the dielectric material between the plates. The capacitance of a conventional parallel plate capacitor is given byWhere, C = Capacitance, unit of measure farads (F)0 = Permittivity of free space or the free space constant (8.85 x 10-12 F/m)r = Relative permittivity of the dielectric medium between the plates(r has no units as it is a ratio of density material/vacuum)A = Area of one of the plates (m2)d = Thickness of the dielectric or separation between the plates (m)In order to increase the capacitance of a capacitor, many practical components employ multiple plates as shown.Ten plates are shown, forming cardinal capacitors with a capacitance nine times that of one pair of plates.Such an arrangement has n plates then capacitance C (n -1). Thus capacitance is then given byProblem 1A ceramic capacitor has an effective plate area of 4cm2 and separated by 0.1 mm of ceramic of relative permittivity 100. Calculate the capacitance of the capacitor in picofarads (F).If the capacitor in part (a) is given a charge of 1.2C what will be the p.d. between the plates?Solution 1Problem 2A waxed typography capacitor has two parallel plates, each of effective area 800 cm2. If the capacitance of the capacitor is 4425 pF determine the effective thickness of the paper if its relative permittivity is 2.5.Solution 2Problem 3A parallel plate capacitor has nineteen interleaved plates each 75 mm by 75 mm and separated by mica sheets 0.2 mm thick. Assuming that the relative permittivity of the mica is 5, calculate the capacitance of the capacitor.Solution 3n = 19, thus (n 1) = 18A = 75 x 75 = 5625mm2r = 5, 0 = 8.85 x 10-12 F/md = 0.2mm = 0.2 x 10-3mSELF ASSESSMENT (4)** Where appropriate take 0 as 8.85 x 10-12 F/m.A capacitor consists of two parallel plates each of area 0.01 m2, spaced 0.1 mm in air. Calculate the capacitance in picofarads (pF). Answer 885 pFA waxed paper capacitor has two parallel plates, each of effective area 0.2m2. If the capacitance is 4000 pF determine the effective thickness of the paper if its relative permittivity is 2. Answer 0.885 mmCalculate the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor having 5 plates, each 30 mm by 20 mm and separated by a dielectric 0.75 mm thick having a relative permittivity of 2.3. Answer 65.14 pFHow many plates does a parallel plate capacitor have if its capacitance is 5nF, each plate is 40mm by 40mm and each dielectric is 0.1 02mm thick with a relative permittivity of 6? Answer 7A parallel plate capacitor is made from 25 plates, each 70mm by 120mm interleaved with mica of relative permittivity 5. If the capacitance of the capacitor is 3000pF determine the thickness of the mica sheet. Answer 2.97mmThe capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor is 1000pF. It has 19 plates, each 50mm by 30mm separated by a dielectric of thickness 0.40mm. Determine the relative permittivity of the dielectric. Answer 1.67CAPACITORS CONNECTED IN twin AND SERIESCAPACITORS CONNECTED IN PARALLELThe figure above shows threesome capacitors, C1, C2 and C3 connected in parallel with a supply voltage V applied across the arrangement. (Note just like resistors in parallel, the supply voltage V is the same across each parallel capacitor)V = V1 = V2 = V3When the charging current I reaches point A it divides, some flowing into C1, some flowing into C2 and some into C3. Hence the total charge QT (i.e. QT= I x t) is divided between the thr ee capacitors. The capacitors each store a charge and these are shown as Q1, Q2 and Q3 respectively. Hence,But, QT=CV (where C is the total similar circuit capacitance)And, Q1=C1VQ2=C2VQ3=C3VTherefore, CV = C1V + C2V + C3V (where C is the total equivalent circuit capacitance)Dividing throughout by the common V giving,C = C1 + C2 + C3 . + CnThe equivalent capacitance of a group of parallel connected capacitors is the sum of the capacitances of the individual capacitors.CAPACITORS CONNECTED IN SERIESThe figure above shows three capacitors, C1, C2 and C3 connected in serial across a supply voltage V. Let the p.d. across the individual capacitors be V1, V2 and V3 respectively as shown.Let the charge on the plate a of the capacitor C1 be +Q coulombs. This induces and equal but opposite charge of -Q coulombs on plate b. The conductor between plates b and c is electrically isolated from the rest of the circuit so that an equal but opposite charge of +Q coulombs must appear on plate c, wh ich, in turn, induces an equal and opposite charge of -Q coulombs on plate d, and so on.Hence when capacitors are connected in series the charge on each is the same.QT = Q1 = Q2 = Q3In a series circuit V = V1 + V2 + V3 (Similar to resistors in series)Since, then (where C is the total equivalent circuit capacitance)Dividing throughout by the common Q giving,(Where C is the total equivalent circuit capacitance)For series connected capacitors, the reciprocal of the equivalent capacitance is equal to the sum of the reciprocals of the individual capacitance.For special case of two capacitors in series,Hence,i.e.Problem 1Calculate the equivalent capacitance of two capacitors of 6F and 4F connected in(a) Parallel(b) Series.Solution 1Problem 2What capacitance must be connected in series with a 30F capacitor for the equivalent capacitance to be 12F?Solution 2Problem 3Capacitances of 1F, 3F, 5F and 6F are connected in parallel to a direct voltage supply of 100V. Determine (a) the equivalent c ircuit capacitance, (b) the total charge and (c) the charge on each capacitor.Solution 3Problem 4Capacitances of 3F, 6F and 12F are connected in series across a 350V supply. Calculate (a) the equivalent circuit capacitance, (b) the charge on each capacitor, and (c) the p.d. across each capacitor.Solution 4Problem 5For the arrangement shown, name (a) the equivalent capacitance of the circuit, (b) the voltage across QR and (c) The charge on each capacitor.Solution 5SELF ASSESSMENT (5)Capacitors of 2F and 6F are connected (a) in parallel and (b) in series. Determine the equivalent capacitance in each case. Answers (a) 8F (b) 1.5FFind the capacitance to be connected in series with a 10F capacitor for the equivalent capacitance to be 6F. Answer 15FWhat value of capacitance would be obtained if capacitors of 0.15F and 0.10F are connected in (a) series and (b) parallel? Answers (a) 0.06F (b) 0.25FTwo 6F capacitors are connected in series with one having a capacitance of 12F. Find the tota l equivalent circuit capacitance. What capacitance must be added in series to obtain a capacitance of 1.2F? Answers (a) 2.4F (b) 2.4FFor the arrangement shown below, find (a) the equivalent circuit capacitance and (b) the voltage across a 4.5F capacitor. Answers (a) 1.2F (b) 100VThree 12F capacitors are connected in series across a 750V supply. Calculate (a) the equivalent capacitance, (b) the charge on each capacitor and (c) the p.d. across each capacitor. Answers (a) 4F (b) 3mC (c) 250VIf two capacitors having capacitances of 3F and 5F respectively are connected in series across a 240V supply, determine (a) the p.d. across each capacitor and (b) the charge on each capacitor. Answers (a) 150V, 90V (b) 0.45 mC on eachCapacitances of 4F, 8F and 16F are connected in parallel across a 200V supply. Determine (a) the equivalent capacitance, (b) the total charge and (c) the charge on each capacitor. Answers (a) 28 F (b) 5.6mC (c) 0.8mC, 1.6mC, 3.2mCDIELECTRIC STRENGTHThe maximum safe work ing voltage is the maximum voltage that can be applied to the terminals of a capacitor without causing damage to the capacitor.The manufacturer specifies this voltage. The limit is necessary so that the field strength in the dielectric does not exceed a value that would cause the dielectric to breakdown and loose its insulating properties. The figure quoted by the manufacturer for a capacitor is also known as the dielectric strength and will be in volts per metre.E is the dielectric strength (V/m), V is the applied potential difference across the parallel plates (V) and d is the distance (m).**Note Equation identical to Electric Field Strength (Potential/Voltage Gradient).Problem1A capacitor is to be constructed so that its capacitance is 0.2F and to take a p.d. of 1.25kV across its terminals. The dielectric is to be mica and has a dielectric strength of 50MV/m. Find (a) the thickness of the mica needed, and (b) the area of a plate assuming a two-plate construction. (Assume r for mi ca to be 6).Solution 1ENERGY STORED IN CAPACITORSThe get-up-and-go, W, stored by a capacitor is given by,Where,W is the energy (in Joules),C is the capacitance (in Farads), andV is the potential difference (in Volts).Problem 1(a) Determine the energy stored in a 3F capacitor when charged to 400V.(b) Find also the average power developed if this energy is dissipated in a time of 10s.Solution 1Problem 2A 12F capacitor is required to store 4J of energy. Find the p.d. to which the capacitor must be charged.Solution 2Problem 3A capacitor is charged with 10mC. If the energy stored is 1.2J, determine (a) the voltage and (b) the capacitance.Solution 3SELF ASSESSMENT (6)** Where appropriate take 0 as 8.85 x 10-12 F/m.When a capacitor is connected across a 200V supply the charge is 4C. Find (a) the capacitance and (b) the energy stored. Answer (a) 0.02F (b) 0.4mJFind the energy stored in a 10F capacitor when charged to 2kV. Answer 20 JA 3300pF capacitor is required to store 0.5mJ of energy. Find the p.d. to which the capacitor must be charged. Answer 550 VA capacitor is charged with 8mC. If the energy stored is 0.4J, determine (a) the voltage and (b) the capacitance. Answer (a) 100V (b) 80 FA capacitor, consisting of two metal plates each of area 50 cm2 and spaced 0.2mm apart in air, is connected across a 120V supply. Calculate (a) the energy stored (b) the electric ux density and (c) the potential gradient (i.e. electric field strength). Answer (a) 1.593J (b) 5.31C/m2 (c) 600kV/mD.C TRANSIENTSNetworks of capacitors and resistors (known as C-R circuits) form the basis of many timing and pulse shaping circuits and are thus often found in practical electronic circuits.When a d.c. voltage is applied to a capacitor C and resistor R connected in series, there is a short period of time immediately afterward when the voltage is connected that the current flowing in the circuit and voltages across C and R are changing.These changing values are called transients.CHARGING A CAP ACITORThe figure above shows a series connected C-R circuit.When the switch S is closed, then by Kirchhoffs valotage law V = Vc + VRThe battery voltage V is constant.The capacitor voltage Vc is given by,The voltage drop across R (i.e. VR) is given by,Hence at all timesAt the instant of closing S (i.e. initial circuit condition), assuming there is no initial charge on the capacitor, Q is zero (i.e. Q0), hence Vc is zero (i.e. VC0). (Note From equation Vc = Q / C).Thus from equation V = Vc + VR,V = 0 + VR (i.e. V = VR = IR)A short time later at time T1 seconds after closing S, the capacitor is partly charged to, say, Q1 coulombs because current has been flowing. The voltage VC1 is now,If the current flowing is I1 amperes, then the voltage drop across R has fallen toVR1 = I1R volts. Thus from equation V = Vc + VRA short time later still, say at time T2 seconds after closing S, the charge has increased to Q2 coulombs and VC has increased to,Since V = VC + VR and V is a constant, then VR decreases to I2R. Thus VC is increase and I and VR are decreasing as time increases.Ultimately, a few seconds after closing S (i.e. at the final or steady state condition), the capacitor is fully charged to, say Q coulombs, current no longer flows, i.e. I = 0, and hence VR = IR = 0. It follows from equation V = Vc + VR that V = VC.Curves demo the changes in VC, VR and I with time are shown below.The submit showing the variation of VC with time is called an exponential growth curve and the graph is called the capacitor voltage / time characteristic.The curves showing variations of VR and I with time are called exponential decay curves, and the graphs are called resistor voltage / time and current / time characteristics respectively.The name exponential shows that the shape can be expressed mathematically by an exponential mathematical equation, as shown below.Growth of capacitor voltage,Decay of resistor voltage,Decay of resistor current,TIME constant ( TAU) FOR A C-R CIRCUITAs shown earlier, if a constant d.c. voltage is applied to a series connected C-R circuit, a exponential transient growth curve of capacitor voltage VC results as shown below.With reference to the figure below, the constant voltage supply is replaced by a variable voltage supply at time t1 seconds. The voltage is varied so that the current flowing in the circuit is constant.Since the current flowing is a constant, the curve will follow a tangent, AB, drawn to the curve at point A.Let the capacitor voltage VC reach its final value of V at time t2 seconds.The time corresponding to (t2-t1) seconds is called the time constant of the circuit, denoted by the Greek letter tau, . The value of the time constant is CR seconds, i.e. for a series connected C-R circuit,(seconds)Where C is capacitance (F), R is the resistance () and is the time constant (s)DISCHARGING A CAPACITORWhen a capacitor is charged (i.e. with the switch in position A), and the switch is then moved to position B, the electr ons stored in the capacitor keep the current flowing for a short time.Initially, at the instant of moving from A to B, the current flow is such that the capacitor voltage VC is balanced by equal and opposite voltage (Kirchhoffs 2nd law), i.e. VC = VR = IR.Finally the transients decay exponentially as current is reduced to zero, i.e. VC = VR = 0.The transient curve representing the voltages and current are shown below.The equations representing the transient curves during discharge period of a series connected C-R circuit areDecay of voltage,Decay of current,When a capacitor has been disconnected from the supply it may still be charged and it may retain this charge for some considerable time. Thus precautions must be taken to ensure that the capacitor is automatically discharged after the supply is switched off. This is done by connecting a high value resistor across the capacitor terminals.Problem 1A capacitor is charg